ETNOGRAFIE DEL CONTEMPORANEO: GENTRIFICAZIONE E MARGINI _n. 3/2020

Etnografie del contemporaneo Gentrificazione e margini
ANNO 3, VOLUME 3
Edizioni Museo Pasqualino, Palermo 2020
ISSN 2611 – 4577

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Quasi un numero monografico dedicato a “Gentrificazione e margini” che affronta sotto molteplici prospettive disciplinari (antropologiche, sociologiche, semiotiche,urbanistiche ecc.), il concetto di gentrificazione, calco
italiano dall’inglese “gentrification”, coniato dalla sociologa britannica Ruth Glass nel suo “London: Aspects of Change”. In Italia il termine gentrificazione si impone nel lessico antropologico a partire dagli anni ‘90 come strumento indispensabile per la lettura delle trasformazioni in corso nei grandi centri urbani. Il processo di gentrificazione riguarda attualmente porzioni significative dei centri storici ed è alla base di un acceso dibattito sia istituzionale che culturale sullo sviluppo del turismo incontrollato. Tale fenomeno infatti, tipico dell’economia delle città globali postindustriali, comporta la radicale trasformazione del tessuto sociale e del
paesaggio urbano, e si sviluppa in stretta correlazione con altri mutamenti socio-urbani quali l’urban displacement e la turistificazione.
Gli interventi raccolti in questo numero della rivista sono il frutto dall’omonimo ciclo di seminari. Pensato prima della pandemia e svoltosi durante il primo lockdown, esso implicitamente affronta i temi della ripartenza post pandemia, perché un fatto è certo: non si potrà far finta che nulla sia successo e i processi di gentrificazione e turistificazione dimostrano l’insostenibile pesantezza dell’essere turista globale in questa “nuova era oscura”, per citare il titolo del libro di James Bridle.

 

In questo numero:

Editoriale
Rosario Perricone

GENTRIFICAZIONE E MARGINI

Il compito degli antropologi
Alberto M. Sobrero

Abstract. This essay outlines the role of urban anthropology within anthropological studies and besides, in the frame of the multiple disciplines investigating the urban space. Reasoning around the classical opposition between dwelling and building, the text retraces the decisive stages in the city’s modern history and identifies ethnographic tools and critical approaches to abstract and monologic urban analyses as the peculiarities of the anthropological discourse. Consequently, the essay proposes to open up a much deeper reflection on the ‘dwelling’ and to think about the discipline’s political input.

 

L’urbano in trasformazione
Alcune cautele concettuali per l’uso della gentrificazione nel Sud Europa
Simone Tulumello

Abstract. Key-concepts as gentrification and touristification – and many other correlated to them – have recently moved from the academic lexicon to the political and public one. At the same time, they “travelled” from places in which they have been coined – British and North American cities – to be used all around the world. This article discusses some issues about the application of those concepts in the European South; it then proposes a new usage, based on the concept of articulation, analytically more accurate and politically more vivid.

 

Il diritto di restare
Stefano Portelli

Abstract. Rather than affirm a ‘right to the city’, easily manipulable to legitimate destructive urban politics, it is necessary to recognise the existence of a ‘right to stay’, both for communities and for individuals threatened by displacement. Regardless of the intentions through which they are fulfilled, politics of forced movements provoke huge damages to the social, religious, and political fabrics for an incalculable number of communities all around the world. This article retraces some studies about the damaging consequences of forced movements and about forms of resistance that claim, implicitly or explicitly, the right to stay.

 

Geografie del turismo a Palermo. Un monopolio territoriale
Federico Prestileo

Abstract. This article aims to reconstruct the modifications happened in the context of the city of Palermo in terms of economical and social variables. It tries to reconstruct the principal steps of urbanistic planification that made the city a popular destination in the tourist market. It also analyses, through data and observations conducted in the years prior to the pandemic crisis, how some parts of Palermo have changed over time. Specifically, those are the parts of the city that have been subjected to an adaptation to those styles and modes of consumption required for a city to really be highly attractive.

 

«Un po’ di gentrificazione però ci voleva…».
Dubbi e certezze sul rinnovamento urbano 
Francesco Montagnani

Abstract. In this article, I face the theme of the gentrification in one of the central neighborhoods of Palermo, Ballarò / Albergheria, focussing on its relationship with the permanent public assembly called SOS Ballarò. The suburb offers favorable conditions for the development of gentrifying processes: unsafe buildings, low prices, central position in the city go along with a millennial history and a multicultural environment. SOS Ballarò emerges as a legitimate political actor, by intervening in a passive and active manner, influencing the fashion in which the urban text is qualified.

 

Etnografia giuridica a Ballarò. Per dirottare il verso del sapere 
Clelia Bartoli

Abstract. In Palermo, the Law department and a poor bazar of used things share the same square. Even if so closed, the academy and the market ignored and inspect each other with a mutual suspect for a long time. This happened as long as in an academic course an experiment of collaboration between students and merchants has been launched. The aim was to look at the right from the margin and to rewrite the rules together. The produced regulation draft has been used by the Municipality to make the market official. From this experience emerges an idea of university epistemologically humble, able to renounce to the title of knowledge’s monopolist and to activate processes of knowledge co-creation.

 

Nuovi foodscapes e turistificazione.
I mercati storici come “frontiere di “gentrification”?
Teresa Graziano

Abstract. The article explores the emergence of new landscapes and food consumption practices that are grafted onto a historically stratified socio-economic fabric, such as that of historic markets in Mediterranean cities, modifying their uses and perceptions. Positioned from a theoretical-methodological point of view in the frame of food / retail gentrification, the article analyzes the changes taking place in the historical fish market of Catania to evaluate to what extent the new consumption landscapes may be considered as the result of a process in between among foodification and touristification.

 

Cibo, turismo, città
Alice Giannitrapani

Abstract. In many contemporary urban realities, entire areas of the historic center have been transformed into open-air restaurants. Thanks to pedestrianization, tourism, foodification and any other neologism that wants to try to capture their dynamics, the places of food consumption have multiplied, while the traditional restaurant has exploded, leaving room for a myriad of catering formats – some almost exclusively used tourists, others dedicated to the lunch break, others still aimed at self-styled gourmands. We are witnessing a generalization of the logic of franchising, which aims at the staging of typicality according to different configurations to be focused here, adopting a sociosemiotic lens.

 

INTERMEZZO:GENTRIFICATION OF THE LITTLE ITALIES
Testo e fotografie di Jerome Krase

 

L’anima di New York.
Gentrificazione, Artificazione, Turistificazione a partire da Pretend It’s a City di Scorsese
Francesco Mangiapane

Abstract. This essay propose an analysis of the docu-series dedicated to the notorious Newyorker writer Fran Lebowitz, Pretend It’s a City, directed by Martin Scorsese and aired by Netflix in 2021. The issues raised by the documentary are discussed with reference to the cinematic culture as well as to the contributions of some of the founding authors of the intellctual debate on gentrification and the city of New York.

 

Abitare il Neoantropocene 
Maurizio Carta

Abstract. We have entered a new era of syndemic crisis sweeping through many different systems across the planet. This requires a radical innovation in our being in the world: we need to plan a viable future, which must be matched with a revolution of the city, its spaces and human relationships, and the renewal of project protocols and means of governance. Thus, the city must be the driving force of human collective progress again, contributing to rebalance inequalities and to reduce marginality.

 

Abitare i margini. Perché è utile tornare a parlare di aree interne
Alessandra Broccolini

Abstract. The article is a critical reading of two well-known texts recently published by Donzelli dedicated to the internal areas of Italy (Riabitare l’Italia. Le aree interne tra abbandoni e riconquiste edited by Antonio de Rossi, 2018 and Manifesto per riabitare l’Italia edited by Domenico Cersosimo and Carmine Donzelli, 2020). The contribution aims to propose a reflection on living today in marginal areas in the light of an anthropological and ethnographic perspective.

 

MISCELLANEA

«Così nel mio parlar vogli’esser aspro».
Per una riflessione antropologica su Gramsci lettore di Dante
Giovanni Pizza

Abstract. In this article, the Author analyses from an anthropological point of view some ways in which Antonio Gramsci reads Dante Alighieri. He addresses this link by partially following Gramsci’s writings, but trying not to disregard the contemporary implications of such a comparison about which he is interested because it can further underline what seems to be a strategic centrality for Gramsci’s interpretation as well as for contemporary anthropology: the depth and complexity of gender idea.

 

El patrimonio de la Semana Santa. Las exposiciones Plenilunio de primavera
Maria Pilar Panero García

Abstract. Through different exhibitions under the general title of Plenilunio de primavera we have tried to reveal the ins and outs of Holy Week in Valladolid. This castilian celebration is based on a vast cultural heritage that stands out for the strength of an urban landscape that welcomes “sculptural wonders”, penitents, scripts and badges, music bands, raised crosses, guide crosses, candles, candlesticks, censers… In the exhibitions, we have explained the religious and profane atmosphere of the celebration in different parts of Spain, Italy and America. The difficulty has been to explain these values shaped by tradition throughout history in the language of the exhibition..

 

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